Expression of Paf1/PD2 in ESCs and heterozygous knockout ESCs. (A): Western blot analysis showed that Paf1/PD2 was overexpressed in F9 embryonic carcinoma cells, and J1 and E-14 mouse embryonic stem cells compared with differentiated NIH3T3 cells. (B): Generation of Paf1−/− mice. Schematic diagrams of the Gene trap vector pGT2Lxf insertion between exons 1 and 2. pGT2Lxf contains En2, the splice acceptor/Engrailed-2 exon, and β-geo. β-geo was inserted downstream of exon 1 of the Paf1 gene, producing a chimerical mRNA of Paf1 and β-geo mRNAs. Paf1 mRNA encodes a fusion protein containing the N-terminal 23 a residues and β-gal. (C): Expression of Paf1/PD2 (~81 kDa) in heterozygous knockout (PD2+/−) ESCs and wild-type ESCs by Western blot method with densitometry (left lower panel: *, p = .01) and mRNA expression by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative RT-PCR analysis (right lower panel: *, p = .004). Abbreviations: β-geo, β-gal gene; EC, embryonic carcinoma; mESC, mouse ESC; PD2+/−, PD2 heterozygous knockout.