Table 2.
Prevalences1 of 12-month psychiatric disorders among women, by level of exposure to past-year stressors and childhood adversity, NESARC 2004–2005
| Women (n=20,089) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Childhood Adversities | |||||||
| None | 1–2 | 3+ | |||||
| Disorder | Past-Year Minor Stressors |
% | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | % | 95% CI |
| MDD | |||||||
| Disorder | None | 3.4 | (2.8, 4.0) | 6.3 | (4.9, 7.6) | 11.5 | (9.1, 14.0) |
| Prevalence1 | 1–2 | 7.1 | (6.2, 8.0) | 10.2 | (8.8, 11.5) | 18.6 | (16.6, 20.6) |
| 3+ | 16.4 | (13.2, 19.5) | 20.7 | (17.5, 23.9) | 30.6 | (26.8, 34.3) | |
| χ24 (p-value)2 | 8.4 (.077) | ||||||
| Risk | None | - | - | - | |||
| Differences3 | 1–2 | 3.7 | (2.6, 4.9) | 3.9 | (2.0, 5.8) | 7.1 | (3.9, 10.2) |
| 3+ | 13.0 | (9.7, 16.2) | 14.4 | (11.0, 17.9) | 19.0 | (14.7, 23.3) | |
| PTSD | |||||||
| Disorder | None | 3.1 | (2.5, 3.8) | 5.7 | (4.2, 7.1) | 13.5 | (10.9, 16.2) |
| Prevalence | 1–2 | 4.3 | (3.6, 5.0) | 7.9 | (6.7, 9.1) | 17.1 | (15.0, 19.1) |
| 3+ | 9.7 | (6.9, 12.5) | 14.8 | (11.6, 18.0) | 27.0 | (23.8, 30.2) | |
| χ24 (p-value) | 9.1 (.056) | ||||||
| Risk | None | - | - | - | |||
| Differences | 1–2 | 1.1 | (0.2, 2.1) | 2.2 | (0.4, 4.0) | 3.5 | (0.3, 6.7) |
| 3+ | 6.6 | (3.7, 9.4) | 9.1 | (5.9, 12.4) | 13.5 | (9.1, 17.9) | |
| ANX | |||||||
| Disorder | None | 2.9 | (2.3, 3.4) | 5.1 | (3.8, 6.4) | 10.5 | (8.1, 13.0) |
| Prevalence | 1–2 | 5.5 | (4.7, 6.3) | 8.3 | (6.9, 9.6) | 14.8 | (13.0, 16.6) |
| 3+ | 14.2 | (11.1, 17.4) | 19.1 | (15.7, 22.5) | 24.7 | (21.5, 27.9) | |
| χ24 (p-value) | 3.1 (.539) | ||||||
| Risk | None | - | - | - | |||
| Differences | 1–2 | 2.6 | (1.6, 3.6) | 3.2 | (1.3, 5.1) | 4.2 | (1.3, 7.2) |
| 3+ | 11.4 | (8.1, 14.6) | 14.0 | (10.3, 17.7) | 14.2 | (10.3, 18.1) | |
|
Past-Year Major Stressors |
|||||||
| MDD | |||||||
| Disorder | None | 3.7 | (3.1, 4.2) | 6.8 | (5.6, 7.9) | 12.9 | (10.9, 14.8) |
| Prevalence | 1–2 | 10.4 | (9.1, 11.6) | 14.2 | (12.4, 16.1) | 22.2 | (19.7, 24.7) |
| 3+ | 18.5 | (12.9, 24.1) | 23.4 | (17.9, 28.9) | 40.1 | (35.0, 45.3) | |
| χ24 (p-value) | 15.1 (.005)* | ||||||
| Risk | None | - | - | - | |||
| Differences | 1–2 | 6.7 | (5.3, 8.0) | 7.5 | (5.3, 9.6) | 9.3 | (6.2, 12.5) |
| 3+ | 14.8 | (9.2, 20.4) | 16.6 | (11.0, 22.2) | 27.3 | (21.5, 33.0) | |
| PTSD | |||||||
| Disorder | None | 2.6 | (2.1, 3.1) | 4.9 | (3.9, 5.9) | 12.3 | (10.5, 14.1) |
| Prevalence | 1–2 | 6.4 | (5.3, 7.5) | 11.0 | (9.2, 12.8) | 22.5 | (19.9, 25.0) |
| 3+ | 16.4 | (11.2, 21.6) | 21.0 | (15.7, 26.4) | 30.9 | (26.2, 35.7) | |
| χ24 (p-value) | 20.1 (<.001)* | ||||||
| Risk | None | - | - | - | |||
| Differences | 1–2 | 3.8 | (2.6, 5.0) | 6.1 | (4.2, 8.0) | 10.2 | (7.1, 13.2) |
| 3+ | 13.8 | (8.7, 18.9) | 16.1 | (10.7, 21.5) | 18.6 | (13.4, 23.9) | |
| ANX | |||||||
| Disorder | None | 3.6 | (3.0, 4.2) | 5.5 | (4.4, 6.5) | 10.3 | (8.5, 12.1) |
| Prevalence | 1–2 | 6.9 | (5.9, 7.9) | 11.9 | (10.1, 13.7) | 19.5 | (17.2, 21.9) |
| 3+ | 14.9 | (10.0, 19.8) | 20.6 | (15.0, 26.3) | 25.6 | (20.5, 30.7) | |
| χ24 (p-value) | 20.6 (<.001)* | ||||||
| Risk | None | - | - | - | |||
| Differences | 1–2 | 3.3 | (2.0, 4.6) | 6.5 | (4.3, 8.6) | 9.2 | (6.3, 12.2) |
| 3+ | 11.3 | (6.4, 16.2) | 15.2 | (9.5, 20.8) | 15.3 | (9.9, 20.7) | |
Abbreviations: MDD, Major depressive disorder; PTSD, Post-traumatic stress disorder; ANX, Other anxiety disorders (panic disorder with and without agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, and social phobia).
Significant at the .05 level
Prevalences and risk differences adjusted for age, nativity, and race-ethnicity.
Chi-square test (df=4) of the interaction between childhood adversities and past-year stressors in models for 12-month disorders.
Difference in the risk of disorders between individuals reporting 1–2 or 3+ past-year stressors, compared to no past-year stressors, across categories of childhood adversity.