Table 1.

Canonical Pathways That Are Significantly (P < 0.01) Enriched with TGF-β1–Modulated Genes

Canonical Pathways (Total Number of Genes in Pathway)	Number of Genes Modulated in (% of Pathway Genes, P)
	All 3 Experiments	At Least 2 of 3 Experiments
Hepatic fibrosis/hepatic stellate cell activation (135)	13 (7.1E-06)	27 (20%) (1.0E-04)
Biosynthesis of steroids (128)	9 (1.1E-08)	14 (11%) (1.7E-07)
Bladder cancer signaling (90)	7 (3.2E-03)	19 (21%) (5.1E-04)
Role of macrophages, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells in rheumatoid arthritis (341)	15 (3.2E-03)	46 (14%) (1.1E-03)
Butanoate metabolism (133)	6 (2.3E-03)	13 (10%) (4.8E-03)
Oncostatin M signaling (35)	4 (8.91E-03)	12 (6.3E-05)

These six canonical pathways are populated by 131 instances of 106 unique, characterized genes. Redundant appearances are MMP1 (in four pathways); IL8, FGF2, NRAS, RRAS, HRAS, KRAS, and MAPK1 (in 3 pathways); and MYC, FN1, IL6R, IL6ST, CCND1, VCAM1, TLR4, and TNFRSF11 (in 2 pathways).