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Relationship between bisect offset and patellar tilt at full extension. Pain-free controls are solid circles and patellofemoral (PF) pain subjects are hollow circles. The dashed lines represent 2 SD > the mean bisect offset and tilt of the pain-free subjects and were used to define abnormal kinematics. Five subjects with pain had bisect offset and tilt <2 SD above the mean of the controls, while nine with pain had increased bisect offset and tilt compared to controls.
