Table 2.
Rates of Family History Reports of Gambling Involvement of Cotwin and Spouse by Gender of Target, and Prevalences of Twin Self-Reports for Comparison
| Gender of Target | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gambling Behavior | Males (%) | Females (%) | Odds Ratioc | 95% CI | p-value |
| Ever Gambled | |||||
| Cotwin (N = 4,604) | 93.96 | 92.62 | 1.24 | (0.98 – 1.57) | 0.07 |
| Spouse (N = 3,733) | 90.82 | 86.95 | 1.33 | (1.21 – 1.83) | < .001 |
| Twina (N = 4,758) | 98.38 | 97.72 | 1.41 | (0.92 – 2.16) | 0.11 |
| Gambled Monthly | |||||
| Cotwin (N = 4,301) | 37.79 | 30.03 | 1.42 | (1.25 – 1.61) | < .001 |
| Spouse (N = 3,710) | 35.47 | 24.92 | 1.40 | (1.43 – 1.91) | < .001 |
| Twina (N = 4,764) | 55.87 | 47.30 | 1.41 | (1.26 – 1.58) | < .001 |
| Gambled Weekly | |||||
| Cotwin (N = 4,254) | 25.23 | 19.31 | 1.41 | (1.22 – 1.63) | < .001 |
| Spouse (N = 3,702) | 24.64 | 15.47 | 1.44 | (1.51 – 2.12) | < .001 |
| Twina (N = 4,764) | 39.08 | 33.66 | 1.26 | (1.12 – 1.42) | < .001 |
| Gambling Problem | |||||
| Cotwin (N = 4,567) | 3.65 | 1.71 | 2.18 | (1.49 – 3.19) | < .001 |
| Spouse (N = 3,722) | 2.80 | 1.01 | 1.65 | (1.67 – 5.64) | < .001 |
| Twina,b (N = 4,764) | 18.16 | 8.25 | 2.47 | (2.07 – 2.95) | < .001 |
a
Note: Based on self-report.
b
Gambling problem defined as one or more lifetime DSM-IV PG symptoms.
c
Odds ratios were computed with females as the reference group (i.e., female = 0, male = 1).