Table 1.
Descriptive Data on Participants
| Characteristic | Reading Disability Mean (SD) |
Controls Mean (SD) |
|---|---|---|
| Age | 12.34 (1.19) | 11.66 (1.64) |
| Grade | 5.72 (1.27) | 5.39 (1.72) |
| Full-Scale IQa | 99.67 (8.62) | 106.11 (9.07) |
| Verbal IQb | 97.33 (9.48) | 110.44 (9.00) |
| Performance IQ | 103.11 (11.59) | 102.33 (14.58) |
| Word Identificationb | 83.39 (8.15) | 114.50 (11.82) |
| Word Attackb | 13.35 (5.21) | 23.94 (3.73) |
| Spellingb | 84.83 (11.99) | 109.33 (16.54) |
| Phoneme Deletionc | 12.17 (3.87) | 19.50 (2.81) |
| Articulation rate | 2.29 (0.53) | 2.69 (0.45) |
|
|
||
| Gender | 67% Male | 50% Male |
| Median SES | 2.5 | 2 |
Note. SES was measured on a 5 point scale according to the Hollingshead (1975) Four Factor Index of Social Status. Word Attack and phoneme deletion were measured in raw scores.
Articulation rate was measured in number of items spoken per second.
a
Means in this row differ at p < .05.
b
Means in this row differ at p < .001.
c
Means in this row differ at p < .001 when VIQ is used as a covariate.