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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Sep 1.

Published in final edited form as: Neurobiol Aging. 2009 Nov 18;32(9):1588–1598. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.10.013

Table 1.

Demographic characteristics and means and standard deviations for reserve and neuropsychological variables.

	Group
	Male		Female		Total

Variable	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD
N	232		472		704
Age^**	79.12	5.11	80.46	5.72	80.02	5.56
log transformed WMH	2.24	0.91	2.26	0.87	2.26	0.88
Cognitive reserve
Education^*	11.29	4.83	10.49	4.76	10.75	4.795
WRAT	43.98	11.74	43.73	10.76	43.81	11.11
Brain reserve
Cranial Length^***	188.42	6.55	180.06	6.87	182.78	7.82
Total cranial volume (mm³)^***	1233.22	120.74	1084.75	91.05	1133.96	123.48
Height^***	169.97	9.03	157.11	7.54	161.37	10.08
Memory
SRT total^***	34.16	10.32	37.27	10.37	36.24	10.45
SRT delayed recall^**	4.39	2.48	5.04	2.68	4.83	2.63
SRT delayed recog	10.64	1.62	10.83	1.60	10.77	1.61
Speed
Color Trails A	102.27	57.85	99.81	57.29	100.64	57.45
Color Trails B	177.60	70.58	180.78	76.33	179.70	74.38
Visual-spatial
BVRT Recognition	6.65	2.57	6.37	2.64	6.46	2.62
BVRT Matching	8.31	2.55	8.01	2.46	8.11	2.50
Rosen Drawing test	2.49	1.14	2.41	1.07	2.43	1.10
Identities and Oddities	14.29	3.11	14.42	2.84	14.38	2.93
Language
BNT spontaneous	13.62	1.72	13.61	1.71	13.61	1.71
Similarities^*	12.89	7.57	11.62	7.49	12.04	7.54
Letter fluency	10.14	6.74	9.67	4.79	9.82	5.51
Category fluency	13.70	4.09	13.94	4.18	13.86	4.15
Repetition	7.51	1.15	7.64	0.80	7.60	0.93
Comprehension	5.28	1.09	5.14	1.14	5.18	1.12

^*

Note. p < .05.

^**

p < .01.

^***

p<.01