Table 2.
Incidence of LVI and BVI in breast cancer and the impact on patient survival
# of Study |
# of Patients |
% Invasiona |
Comments | P valuec | Reference | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LVIb | BVIb | |||||
1 | 1,408 | 34.2 | 4.2 | LVI and BVI were both indicators of poor survival |
P=0.001 | [2] |
1 | 1,408 | 34.2 | 4.2 | Multivariate analysis showed that LVI is a strong prognostic indicator of significantly increased risk of death in both LNb positive and negative patients whereas BVI has no prognostic value |
P=0.001 | [2] |
2 | 1,258 | 27.6 | NDd | LVI was a highly significant independent predictor of disease outcome |
P<0.0001 | [49] |
3 | 374 | 28.0 | ND | LVI presented as an independent prognostic parameter for DFSb as well as OSb |
P=0.001 | [50] |
4 | 303 | 27.0 | ND | Multivariate analysis revealed that LVI was the only significant predictor of distal recurrence. LVI was significantly associated with shorter overall survival |
P=0.009 | {3497} |
5 | 177 | 96.4 | 3.5 | LVI was strongly associated with LN metastasis, distant metastasis, decreased DFS and OS |
P<0.001 | [36] |
6 | 123 | 28.5 | 15.4 | LVI but not BVI positively correlated with tumor cell Ki67 score and other markers associated with poor prognosis |
Not assessede |
[42] |
7 | 95 | 69.5 | 37.9 | When LVI and BVI were both present, 80% of the invaded vessels were of lymphatic origin |
Not assessed |
[44] |
% Invasion is presented as a fraction of cases in which tumor cells were immunohistochemically in the lumen of lymphatic or blood vessels.
Abbreviations: LN, lymph node; LVI, lymphatic vascular invasion; BVI, blood vascular invasion; DFS, disease-free survival; OS, overall survival.
P values for association of LVI disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).
ND, not determined.
Association of LVI or BVI with patient survival was not assessed in this study.