Table 2.
Associations of blood pressure with change in sugar-sweetened beverage among PREMIER participants: results from mixed effects models
| Systolic Blood Pressure |
Diastolic Blood Pressure |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | 95% C | P | β | 95% C | P | |
| All participants | ||||||
| Age-adjusted model | 1.99 | 1.46, 2.52 | <0.001 | 1.12 | 0.78, 1.45 | <0.001 |
| Multivariate model 1 | 1.76 | 1.17, 2.35 | <0.001 | 1.08 | 0.69, 1.47 | <0.001 |
| Multivariate model 2 | 0.70 | 0.15, 1.25 | 0.01 | 0.38 | 0.02, 0.75 | 0.04 |
| Hypertensive status at baseline | ||||||
| Hypertensive | ||||||
| Age-adjusted model | 2.26 | 1.32, 3.21 | <0.001 | 1.33 | 0.75, 1.90 | <0.001 |
| Multivariate model 1 | 1.94 | 0.82, 3.06 | 0.001 | 1.42 | 0.71, 2.14 | <0.001 |
| Multivariate model 2 | 0.76 | −0.30, 1.82 | 0.16 | 0.62 | −0.05, 1.29 | 0.07 |
| Non-hypertensive | ||||||
| Age-adjusted model | 1.61 | 1.05, 2.17 | <0.001 | 0.91 | 0.53, 1.31 | <0.001 |
| Multivariate model 1 | 1.60 | 0.94, 2.20 | <0.001 | 0.88 | 0.43, 1.33 | <0.001 |
| Multivariate model 2 | 0.58 | −0.02, 1.17 | 0.06 | 0.19 | −0.24, 0.61 | 0.34 |
| Race | ||||||
| White | ||||||
| Age-adjusted model | 2.29 | 1.62, 2.95 | <0.001 | 1.29 | 0.87, 1.70 | <0.001 |
| Multivariate model 1 | 1.76 | 1.17, 2.35 | <0.001 | 1.08 | 0.69, 1.47 | <0.001 |
| Multivariate model 2 | 0.70 | 0.15, 1.25 | 0.01 | 0.38 | 0.02, 0.75 | 0.04 |
| Black | ||||||
| Age-adjusted model | 1.38 | 0.48, 2.29 | 0.003 | 0.72 | 0.14, 1.31 | 0.016 |
| Multivariate model 1 | 1.54 | 0.52, 2.56 | 0.003 | 0.92 | 0.23, 1.62 | 0.009 |
| Multivariate model 2 | 0.60 | −0.42, 1.63 | 0.25 | 0.15 | 0.53, 0.83 | 0.67 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | ||||||
| Age-adjusted model | 2.01 | 1.33, 2.68 | <0.001 | 1.29 | 0.84, 1.74 | <0.001 |
| Multivariate model 1 | 1.75 | 0.98, 1.52 | <0.001 | 1.14 | 0.60, 1.67 | <0.001 |
| Multivariate model 2 | 0.78 | 0.09, 1.47 | 0.03 | 0.50 | 0.01, 1.00 | 0.05 |
| Female | ||||||
| Age-adjusted model | 1.84 | 1.01, 2.68 | <0.001 | 0.96 | 0.46, 1.62 | <0.001 |
| Multivariate model 1 | 1.84 | 0.93, 1.75 | <0.001 | 1.04 | 0.46, 1.61 | <0.001 |
| Multivariate model 2 | 0.61 | −0.27, 1.48 | 0.01 | 0.21 | −0.34, 0.76 | 0.45 |
β:change in mmHg per change in servings/day
Multivariate model 1: Adjusted for gender, race, family history of hypertension, randomization assignment, site, baseline age, alcohol drinking, and BMI, baseline SSB intake, baseline fitness and change in fitness, baseline physical activity and change in physical activity, baseline urinary sodium excretion and change in urinary sodium excretion, baseline DASH index and change in DASH index.
Multivariate model 2: Model 1 plus change in body weight.