Table 2.

Causes of Low-Renin Hypertension

Conn’s syndrome (unilateral surgically curable adenoma – if it exists)

Primary adrenocortical hyperplasia [5, 27, 28]

Familial hyperaldosteronism

Type I Dexamethasone-suppressible hypertension [30, 33]; chimeric gene causing ACTH-dependent aldosterone production

Treat with low-dose dexamethasone

Type II Linked to chromosome 7p22 [29]

Treat with aldosterone antagonists [34]; rarely surgical

Gordon’s syndrome [35]

treat with salt restriction

Renal tubular sodium channel mutations or alteration

Liddle’s syndrome [36] and variants [24, 25, 37]

5-6% of HT in blacks low aldo and renin; treat with amiloride

Adducin polymorphisms [38]

Endogenous ouabain [39]

low aldo and renin; treat with amiloride (possibly rostafuroxin)

GIP dependent cortisol excess with nodular hyperplasia [40]