Table 1.

Effects of mGlu₅ receptor antagonists on learning and memory and behavior

Taks	Species	Antagonists, infusion route and time	Effect	References
Spatial learning
Morris water maze	LH rat	MPEP; p.o.; pre-training	no effecta	Ballard et al., 2005
	SD rat	Fenobam; p.o.; pre-training	impairment	Jacob et al., 2009
	C57 mouse	MPEP; s.c.; pre-training	impairment	Steckler et al., 2006
Radial arm maze	SD rat	MTEP; i.p.; pre-training	impairment	Gravius et al., 2008
	W rat	MPEP; i.c.v.; pre-training	impairment	Naie and Manahan-Vaughan, 2004
DMTP Radial arm maze	LE rat	MPEP; i.p.; pre-training	no effect	Campbell et al., 2004
DMTP Lever press	LH rat	MPEP; p.o.; pre-training	no effecta	Ballard et al., 2005
Cross maze	SD rat	MPEP; i.p.; PL; pre-training	impairment	Christoffersen et al., 2008
		MPEP; i.p.; pre-training	impairment	Homayoun et al., 2004
Y maze	W rat	MPEP; i.c.v.; pre-training	impairment	Balschun and Wetzel, 2002
		post-training	no effect
3-hole task	PVG rat	MPEP; i.p.; pre-training	no effect	Petersen et al., 2002
5-choice serial RT task	W rat	MPEP; i.p.; pre-training	no effecta	Semanova and Markou, 2006
Object-place association	CD1 mouse	MPEP, i.p.; pre-training	impairment	De Leonibus et al., 2009
Fear conditioning
Context	W rat	MPEP; DG; post-training	no effect	Maceijak et al., 2003
	SD rat	MTEP; i.p.; pre-training	impairment	Gravius et al., 2006b; 2008
		pre-test	impairment	Gravius et al., 2006b
				Pietraszek et al., 2005b
		MPEP; LA; pre-training	impairment	Rodrigues et al., 2002
		post-training	no effect
		pre-test	no effect
		Fenobam; p.o.; pre-training	impairment	Jacob et al., 2009
Cue	SD rat	MTEP; i.p.; pre-training	no effect	Gravius et al., 2006b
		pre-test	impairment
		MPEP; LA; pre-training	impairment	Rodrigues et al., 2002
		post-training	no effect
		pre-test	no effect
Startle	W rat	MPEP; i.p.; pre-test	imapairment	Brodkin et al., 2002
		MTEP; i.p.; pre-test	impairment	Busse et al., 2004
	SD rat	MPEP; p.o.; pre-training	impairment	Schultz et al., 2001
		pre-test	impairment
		pre-training+pre-test	impairment
		MPEP; LA; pre-training	impairment	Fendt and Schmid, 2002
		post-training	no effect
		pre-test	no effect
		MTEP; i.p.; pre-training	impairment	Gravius et al., 2005
		MTEP; i.p.; pre-test	impairment	Pietraszek et al., 2005b
Avoidance learning
Bead pecking	Chick	MPEP; IMM; pre-training	impairment	Salinska, 2006
		post-training	impairment
Step-through	SD rat	MTEP; i.p.; pre-training	impairment	Gravius et al., 2005
		post-training	no effect
		pre-test	no effect
		Fenobam; i.p.; pre-training	impairment	Jacob et al., 2009
Step-down	SD rat	MPEP; i.p.; pre-training	impairment	Simonyi et al., 2005
		MPEP; CA1; post-training	impairment	Simonyi et al., 2007
		post-test	no effect
	W rat	MPEP; i.p.; pre-training	impairment	Genkova-Papazova et al., 2007
		post-training	impairment
Active avoidance	W rat	MPEP; i.p.; pre-training	no effect	Genkova-Papazova et al., 2007
		post-traning	no effect
Taste memories
Conditioned taste aversion	SD rat	MPEP; i.p.; pre-training	impairment	Schachtman et al., 2003
		MPEP; i.p.; pre-test	no effect	Bills et al., 2005
		MTEP; IC; pre-training	no effect	Simonyi et al., 2009
		BLA; pre-training	enhancement
Other learning tasks
Object recognition	DA rat	MPEP; i.p., pre-training	no effect	Baker et al., 2006
	SD rat	MPEP; i.p.; PL; pre-training	impairment	Christoffersen et al., 2008
Color-key conditioning	LE rat	MPEP; i.p.; pre-training	no effect	Campbell et al., 2004
Light-nosepoke conditioning	SD rat	MPEP; i.p.; pre-training	impairment	Homayoun et al., 2004
Social interaction	OF1 mouse	MPEP; i.p.	increase	Navarro et al., 2006
	W rat	MTEP; i.p.	decrease	Koros et al., 2007
Locomotor activity	C57 mouse	MPEP, MTEP; i.p.	no effect	Belozertseva et al., 2007
	Swiss mouse	MPEP, MTEP; i.p.	no effect	Li et al., 2006
		Fenobam; i.p.	increase	Montana et al., 2009
	OF1 mouse	MPEP; i.p.	increase	Navarro et al., 2006
		MPEP; p.o.	decrease	Spooren et al., 2000b
	DBA mouse	MPEP; i.p.	increase	McGeehan et al., 2004
	W rat	MPEP; i.p.	no effect	Tatarczynska et al., 2001
		MPEP; p.o.	decrease	Spooren et al., 2000a
		MTEP; i.p.	decrease	Koros et al., 2007
		MPEP; i.c.v.	no effect	Naie and Manahan-Vaughan, 2004
	LH rat	MTEP; p.o.	decrease	Nicolas et al., 2007
	CD rat	MPEP, MTEP; i.p.	decrease	Varty et al., 2005
	SD rat	MPEP; i.p.	no effect	Henry et al., 2002
				Homayoun et al., 2004
				Kinney et al., 2003
			decrease	Christoffersen et al., 2008
		MPEP, MTEP; i.p.	decrease	Zhu et al., 2004
		MTEP; i.p.	no effect	Pietraszek et al., 2005a
		Fenobam; p.o.	no effect	Jacob et al., 2009

^abut see further discussion in the text

Abbreviations: DMTP, delayed-match-to-position; DNMTP, delayed non-match-to-position; RT, reaction time LE, Long-Evans; LH, Lister hooded; SD, Sprague-Dawley; W, Wistar BLA, basolateral amygdala; DG, denatate gyrus; IC, insular cortex; IMM, intermediate medial mesopallium; LA, lateral amygdala; PL, prelimbic cortex