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Maps of posterior mean relative risk estimates for the COPD-specific and latent covariates in model 3 and associated probabilities of excess risk. (A) Residual relative risk of COPD mortality not explained by the latent smoking proxy; (B) Probability that residual relative risk of COPD exceeds 1; (C) Relative risk of COPD mortality associated with latent smoking proxy; and (D) Probability that smoking-related relative risk of COPD mortality exceeds 1.
