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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nanomedicine (Lond). 2010 Apr;5(3):469–484. doi: 10.2217/nnm.10.12

Figure 6. Printing cellular microfluidic hydrogels.

Figure 6

(A) Design template for building branching tubular structures by depositing agarose rods and multicellular spheroids of the same diameter. (B) Fusion patterns of multicellular spheroids (300 μm HSF spheroids) assembled into tubular structures after 6 days of deposition. (C–F) Building a double-layered vascular wall by assembling human umbilical vein smooth muscle cells and HSF multicellular cylinders according to specific patterns (C). (D–F) show the results of H&E (D), smooth muscle α-actin (E) and caspase-3 (F) straining of the structure after 3 days of fusion.

Reproduced with permission from [219].