Table 1.
LINE-1 methylation level in colorectal cancer.
| Clinical, pathologic or molecular feature | Total N | Mean | Standard deviation | P value^ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All cases | 869 | 61.4 | 9.6 | |
| Sex | 0.19 | |||
| Men | 394 (45%) | 61.0 | 9.0 | |
| Women | 475 (55%) | 61.8 | 10.1 | |
| Age (years) | 0.35 | |||
| < 60 | 196 (23%) | 60.5 | 10.5 | |
| 60-69 | 363 (42%) | 61.7 | 8.7 | |
| ≥70 | 310 (36%) | 61.5 | 9.9 | |
| Body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) | 0.96 | |||
| < 30 | 667 (83%) | 61.3 | 9.5 | |
| ≥30 | 141 (17%) | 61.4 | 9.1 | |
| Family history of colorectal cancer | 0.005 | |||
| (-) | 657 (76%) | 61.9 | 9.6 | |
| (+) | 212 (24%) | 59.7 | 9.1 | |
| Smoking status | 0.99 | |||
| Never | 350 (41%) | 61.4 | 10.1 | |
| Past or current | 508 (59%) | 61.3 | 9.2 | |
| Tumor location | 0.024 | |||
| Proximal colon (cecum to transverse) | 370 (44%) | 61.9 | 9.2 | |
| Distal colon (splenic flexure to sigmoid) | 274 (33%) | 60.1 | 9.7 | |
| Rectum | 192 (23%) | 62.3 | 9.4 | |
| Disease stage | 0.015 | |||
| I | 196 (25%) | 61.5 | 9.2 | |
| II | 253 (33%) | 62.5 | 9.2 | |
| III | 226 (29%) | 60.1 | 9.5 | |
| IV | 103 (13%) | 60.0 | 11.0 | |
| Tumor grade | 0.43 | |||
| Low | 777 (91%) | 61.3 | 9.4 | |
| High | 79 (9.2%) | 62.3 | 11.2 | |
| Mucinous component | 0.002 | |||
| 0% | 554 (65%) | 60.7 | 9.3 | |
| 1-49% | 188 (22%) | 61.3 | 10.0 | |
| ≥50% | 115 (13%) | 64.1 | 9.3 | |
| Signet ring cell component | 0.009 | |||
| 0% | 796 (93%) | 61.0 | 9.4 | |
| 1-49% | 48 (5.6%) | 63.5 | 10.8 | |
| ≥50% | 14 (1.6%) | 67.6 | 8.5 | |
| Crohn's-like reaction | 0.002 | |||
| Absent/mild | 684 (92%) | 61.1 | 9.5 | |
| Moderate/severe | 62 (8.3%) | 65.2 | 9.6 | |
| Peritumoral lymphocytic reaction | 0.018 | |||
| Absent/mild | 744 (89%) | 60.9 | 9.4 | |
| Moderate/severe | 93 (11%) | 63.6 | 10.3 | |
| Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) | 0.043 | |||
| Absent/mild | 740 (89%) | 60.9 | 9.5 | |
| Moderate/severe | 96 (11%) | 63.2 | 10.2 | |
| MSI status | < 0.0001 | |||
| MSI-low/MSS | 728 (85%) | 60.7 | 9.5 | |
| MSI-high | 124 (15%) | 64.7 | 8.9 | |
| CIMP status | < 0.0001 | |||
| CIMP-0 | 408 (47%) | 60.2 | 9.8 | |
| CIMP-low | 333 (38%) | 61.3 | 9.3 | |
| CIMP-high | 128 (15%) | 65.1 | 8.3 | |
| CIN status (in MSI-low/MSS cases) | 0.0002 | |||
| (-) | 142 (25%) | 63.7 | 9.6 | |
| (+) | 436 (75%) | 60.3 | 9.0 | |
| KRAS mutation | 0.90 | |||
| (-) | 538 (63%) | 61.3 | 9.6 | |
| (+) | 319 (37%) | 61.2 | 9.4 | |
| BRAF mutation | 0.001 | |||
| (-) | 728 (87%) | 60.8 | 9.3 | |
| (+) | 108 (13%) | 64.2 | 10.2 | |
| PIK3CA mutation | 0.24 | |||
| (-) | 646 (85%) | 61.1 | 9.7 | |
| (+) | 118 (15%) | 62.2 | 9.3 | |
| TP53 expression | 0.096 | |||
| (-) | 488 (57%) | 61.8 | 9.8 | |
| (+) | 371 (43%) | 60.7 | 9.3 | |
| CDKN1A (p21) | 0.0002 | |||
| Lost | 682 (81%) | 60.6 | 9.6 | |
| Expressed | 158 (19%) | 63.7 | 9.0 | |
| CTNNB1 (β-catenin) score* | 0.47 | |||
| 0-2 (inactive) | 482 (64%) | 61.4 | 9.8 | |
| 3-5 (active) | 273 (36%) | 60.9 | 9.3 | |
| PTGS2 (COX-2) expression | 0.98 | |||
| (-) | 142 (16%) | 61.3 | 11.2 | |
| (+) | 719 (84%) | 61.3 | 9.2 | |
| FASN expression | 0.16 | |||
| (-) | 742 (88%) | 61.1 | 9.7 | |
| (+) | 99 (12%) | 62.4 | 8.7 |
^ P value was calculated by t-test assuming unequal variances (for binary variables) or ANOVA (analysis of variance; for 3-category variables). * CTNNB1 score was calculated as previously described [24].
There were cases with missing information in covariates. A p value for significance is adjusted to p = 0.0021 by Bonferroni correction for multiple hypothesis testing.
CIMP, CpG island methylator phenotype; MSI, microsatellite instability; MSS, microsatellite stable.