. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Biomed Inform. 2010 Feb 20;44(3):497–504. doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2010.02.007

Table 3.

Levels of Resistive Behavior Defined by Coetsee[20] and Lapointe and Rivard[12]

Coetsee’s Levels of Resistance	Lapointe and Rivard’s Resistive Behavior
Apathy (Neutral point, passive resignation)	Inaction, distance, lack of interest
Passive Resistance (Mild or weak opposition)	Delay tactics, excuses, persistence of former behavior, withdrawal
Active Resistance (Strong, but not destructive opposing behavior)	Voicing opposite points of view, asking others to intervene or forming a coalition
Aggressive Resistance (Destructive opposing behavior)	Infighting, making threats, strikes, boycotts or sabotage