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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Jun 28.
Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2008 May 7;453(7196):745–750. doi: 10.1038/nature07005

Figure 4. Branching errors.

Figure 4

(a, b) “Displacement error”. a, Standard arrangement of D2 and M1 2° branches off L. Left panel, end-on (anterior) view of L and descendants. Right panel, end-on (medial) view of M1 and descendants; below, schematic of anterior view. a′, Standard lineage of L, D2 and M1. Grey box, M1 lineage. b, Same views as a of lung in which M1* arises off D2, normally a sister branch. Bar (for a and b), 50 μm. b′, M1* follows the normal M1 lineage (grey box). (c, d) “Skipping a generation”. c, Standard arrangement of V2 arising off RCd.L1. Left panel, end-on (ventral) view of V2 and its descendants, which form by orthogonal bifurcation. Right panel, schematic depicting side (lateral) view of V2 and its daughters. c′, Standard lineage of RCd.L1 and V2. Grey box, descendants of V2. d, Same view (left) and schematic (right) of lung that skipped V2 generation. Bar (for c and d), 50 μm. Anterior (A*) and posterior (P*) branches sprout directly from RCd.L1, normally their grandparent. d′, Descendants of missing V2 (grey box) follow normal lineage.