FIG. 7.
Orderly phases of wound healing and the effects of salivary components. Wound healing is divided in three phases: inflammatory (inflammation), proliferative (granulation tissue), and remodeling (wound contraction) phases. Salivary molecules Ixolaris (7), Penthalaris (18), SALP14 (19), ISAC (20), a salivary inhibitor of neutrophil function (6, 21), and a bradykinin-degrading kininase (22)—work in concert to effectively block the acute phase of inflammation. Later stages of inflammation, during which endothelial cell-dependent granulation tissue formation takes place, appear to be counteracted by tick salivary components displaying anti-angiogenesis activities. Modified from R. A. Clark, 1991 (50).