Table 2.

Risk factors associated with adherence and nonadherence with immunosuppression

Adherence	Nonadherence
Older patient (>40 yr); female gender; Caucasian; good social support	Younger patient (<25 yr); male gender; non-Caucasian; non-United States resident; poor social support
Good insight into illness; positive perception of treatment benefits; education regarding illness/treatment; absence of psychological or psychiatric illness	Poor illness insight; poorly perceived treatment benefits; lack of education about illness and treatment; presence of psychological or psychiatric illness
Good provider-patient rapport; simpler medication regimens; lower medication toxicity/side effects; lower symptom distress	Poor provider-patient rapport; complex medical regimens; higher medication toxicity/side effects; high symptom distress
Health care coverage; access to health care; available transportation	Lack of health care coverage; impediments to cost of medication, including unemployment/copayments; greater geographic distance to travel; poor transportation access
Diabetes mellitus; shorter time since transplantation	Patient without diabetes; increased period of time since transplantation