Table 3.

Estimated Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals for the Effect of Apathy on Cognitive Decline at 1-Year and 13- Year Follow-up in the ECA Data (N=1136).

	I. Logistic Regression			II. General Estimating Equations §
Variables	Model 1 OR(95% CI)	Model 2 OR(95% CI)	Model 3 OR(95% CI)	Model 1 OR(95% CI)	Model 2 OR(95% CI)	Model 3 OR(95% CI)	Model 4 OR(95% CI)†
Apathy	1.73 (1.15–2.60)*	1.61 (1.05–2.46)*	1.65 (1.06–2.60)*	1.21 (0.94–1.55)	1.12 (0.86–1.45)	1.01 (0.77–1.33)	1.04(0.76–1.44)
Age (years)	---	1.06 (1.04–1.09)*	1.06 (1.03–1.08)*	---	1.04 (1.02–1.06)*	1.04 (1.01–1.06)*	1.09(1.05–1.12)*
Female	---	1.06 (0.70–1.61)	1.06 (0.70–1.61)	---	1.10 (0.79–1.53)	1.06 (0.76–1.50)	0.75(0.49–1.14)
Non-Whites	---	2.29 (1.50–3.51)	2.29 (1.50–3.51)*	---	1.80 (1.27–2.57)*	1.76 (1.23–2.52)*	2.62 (1.63–4.21)*
<High School	---	---	2.22 (1.01–4.87)*	---	---	1.64 (0.93–2.90)	1.75(0.88–3.50)
High School	---	---	1.28 (0.57–2.87)	---	---	1.27 (0.72–2.25)	1.32(0.68–2.57)
Depression	---	---	0.71 (0.20–2.50)	---	---	1.63 (0.66–4.03)	0.98(0.72–1.33)
IADL disability	---	---	0.85 (0.32–2.24)	---	---	1.11 (0.76–1.62)	1.37(0.86–2.20)
ADL disability	---	---	0.94 (0.50–1.77)	---	---	1.38 (0.83–2.28)	0.83(0.46–1.51)

^*p-value < 0.05

OR: Odds Ratio; CI: Confidence Interval

^†Used 13 year follow-up data

^§used repeated measures for apathy, IADL, ADL, and depression (except for Model 3, where depression was only measured at Wave 2)