Table 5.

Estimated Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals for the Effect of Apathy on Impairment in Basic Activities of Daily Living (N=1136), ECA.

	I. Logistic Regression			II. General Estimating Equations §
Variables	Model 1 OR (95% CI)	Model 2 OR (95% CI)	Model 3 OR (95% CI)	Model 1 OR (95% CI)	Model 2 OR (95% CI)	Model 3 OR (95% CI)	Model 4† OR (95% CI)
Apathy	2.88(1.48–5.60)*	2.76(1.39–5.47)*	2.74(1.35–5.57)*	3.16(1.89–5.29)*	2.91(1.73–4.89)*	3.03(1.77–5.17)*	2.37(1.57–3.57)*
Age (years)	---	1.07(1.03–1.11)*	1.06(1.02–1.10)*	---	1.08(1.03–1.12)*	1.06(1.01–1.11)*	1.06(1.01–1.11)*
Female	---	0.86(0.41–1.67)	0.91(0.43–1.91)	---	0.83(0.41–1.71)	0.88(0.41–1.89)	1.35(0.71–2.57)
Non-Whites	---	2.06(1.01–4.22)*	1.82(0.86–3.85)	---	1.91(0.94–3.91)	1.70(0.82–3.52)	1.03(0.51–2.08)
<High School	---	---	2.06(0.47–9.11)	---	---	2.10(0.47–9.43)	2.08(0.68–6.39)
High School	---	---	1.35(0.29–6.26)	---	---	1.50(0.32–7.05)	1.73(0.58–5.20)
Depression	---	---	0.74(0.92–5.88)	---	---	0.35(0.01–2.73)	1.56(0.94–2.59)

^*p-value < 0.05

OR: Odds Ratio; CI: Confidence Interval

^†Used 13 year follow-up data

^§used repeated measures for apathy, IADL, ADL, and depression (except for Model 3, where depression was only measured at Wave 2.