Table 3.

Adjusted mean physiological measures among children by parent and home smoking status (chronic exposure)^a

Measure of parent/home smoking exposure	HR (N = 37)	SBP (N = 40)	DBP (N = 40)	Exhaled CO (N = 38)
How often smoke cigarettes
Never	70.7	100.9	70.7	3.0
Some days	67.6	111.3	84.9	1.6
Every day	65.3	99.6	66.0	4.0
p value (trend)	0.10	0.72	0.16	0.36
Average hours/day child in room w/smoker
Never	71.2	98.7	67.0	3.9
Less than 3 hr/week	68.4	100.3	72.4	1.7
Less 1 hr/day, ≥3 hr/week	69.0	100.6	69.8	2.5
Less 3 hr/day, ≥1 hr/day	67.7	103.1	69.3	5.1
More than 3 hr/day	61.2	101.1	66.0	4.3
p value (trend)	0.10	0.58	0.69	0.25
Household rules about smoking
No one allowed to smoke in home	68.6	98.7	68.9	2.8
Smoking permitted some rooms/times	68.3	103.1	71.8	3.5
Smoking permitted anywhere	66.9	100.2	64.0	4.7
p value (trend)	0.70	0.74	0.27	0.17
Urine cotinine
0 or 1	70.3	97.3	67.0	2.8
2–5	70.6	100.1	72.0	2.0
6	65.5	102.8	67.5	3.7
p value (trend)	0.32	0.31	0.93	0.43
Exhaled carbon monoxide
<4.3	73.2	100.4	67.9	2.1
4.3 to <13	65.8	100.3	71.1	3.2
13 or more	67.0	101.9	67.3	4.0
p value (trend)	0.12	0.74	0.88	0.05

Note. HR = heart rate; SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure.

^aAdjusted for child age, gender, and body mass index percentile.