Table 3.
Summary Measures of Long-term Trends in Cancer Incidence (1975-2004) in the United States by Race, Sex, and Cancer Category.
| Cancer Category |
Race-sex Group | AAPC (95% C.I.) | GR25 (95% C.I.) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tobacco- related |
White Men | −0.72 (−0.87,−0.57) | 0.84 (0.80, 0.87) | < 0.001 |
| Black Men | −0.98 (−1.28,−0.68) | 0.78 (0.72, 0.84) | < 0.001 | |
| White Women | 0.99 ( 0.82, 1.15) | 1.28 (1.23, 1.33) | < 0.001 | |
| Black Women | 0.32 (−0.07, 0.70) | 1.08 (0.98, 1.19) | 0.054 | |
| Screen- detectable |
White Men | 2.24 ( 1.73, 2.75) | 1.74 (1.54, 1.97) | < 0.001 |
| Black Men | 2.27 ( 1.32, 3.24) | 1.75 (1.39, 2.22) | < 0.001 | |
| White Women | 0.38 ( 0.25, 0.50) | 1.10 (1.06, 1.13) | < 0.001 | |
| Black Women | 0.12 (−0.11, 0.35) | 1.03 (0.97, 1.09) | 0.151 | |
| Other | White Men | 1.17 ( 0.96, 1.39) | 1.34 (1.27, 1.41) | < 0.001 |
| Black Men | 0.94 ( 0.63, 1.26) | 1.26 (1.17, 1.37) | < 0.001 | |
| White Women | 0.82 ( 0.71, 0.93) | 1.23 (1.19, 1.26) | < 0.001 | |
| Black Women | 0.83 ( 0.66, 0.99) | 1.23 (1.18, 1.28) | < 0.001 |
AAPC = Average Annual Percent Change; values above (below) 0 indicate increases (decreases) GR25 = 25-year Generational Risk; values above (below) 1 indicate increases (decreases) C.I. = Confidence Interval
P-value = significance level for testing the null hypothesis of no linear trend (AAPC=0; GR25=1). Without adjusting for multiple testing, typically the null hypothesis is rejected if p < 0.05. A simple Bonferroni correction adjusts for the fact that 12 tests were performed by comparing the p-value to 0.05/12 = 0.0042, which in this case would not change any conclusions.