Table 2.
Vitamin D exposure level and association with NHL risk
| Study | Vitamin D Status |
Risk Estimate^ | Covariates | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposed Level | Reference Level | |||
| Hartge et al., 2006 | 77–203 IU/day+ (dietary intake) | 1–21 IU/day+ (dietary intake) | OR=1.1 (0.7–1.7) | Age, gender, ethnicity, center, metabolic equivalents per week of exercise (<30 vs ≥30), total energy |
| Chang et al., 2006 | >296 IU/day# (daily intake) | ≤176 IU/day# (daily intake) | OR=1.3 (0.8–2.1) | Age, sex, total energy intake (logarithm), retinol, calcium, phosphorus |
| Polesel, et al., 2006 | >131 IU/day#* (daily intake) | <92 IU/day#* (daily intake) | OR=0.6 (0.4–0.9) | Age, gender, center, education, place of birth, HCV test, total energy intake (Kcal) |
| Soni et al., 2007 | >213.6 IU/day | <114.3 IU/day | OR=0.9 (0.7–1.3) | Age, gender, family history of cancer |
| Purdue, et al., 2007 | 77–203 IU/day+ (dietary intake) | 1–21 IU/day+ (dietary intake) | OR=1.8 (0.7–4.5) TaqI TT** OR=1.9 (0.7–5.2) TaqI tt** |
Age, gender, site, ethnicity, education level, total caloric intake |
| Giovannucci, et al., 2006 | Difference between medians of highest and lowest decile = 27.8 nmol/L (serum 25(OH)D) | inverse association (not statistically significant) between 25 nmol/L interval 25(OH)D increase and NHL risk (no risk estimate provided) | Age, height, smoking history, intakes of total calories, alcohol, red meat, calcium, retinol, total fruits and vegetables (cohort was men only) | |
| Range of predicted 25(OH)D values = 68 nmol/L (22.8 – 90.8) | ||||
| Freedman et al., 2007 | ≥mol/L (serum 25(OH)D) | <62.5 nmol/L (serum 25(OH)D) | RR =1.3 (0.6–2.9) | Age, gender, race/ethnicity, smoking history |
| Lim et al., 2009 | 59.5–124.8 nmol/L (serum 25(OH)D) | 6.3–40.0 nmol/L (serum 25(OH)D) | OR = 0.82 (0.53–1.26) all cases | Age, month of blood collection |
| OR= 1.52 (0.82–2.80) diagnosis ≥7yrs after baseline; | ||||
| OR=0.43 (0.23–0.83) diagnosis <7yrs after baseline | ||||
^
Bolded risk estimates indicate statistical significance; Confidence for all estimates provided when included in study results
+
Average daily values estimated from reported weekly intake values
#
Values converted to IU from reported μg/day according to the following vitamin D specific conversion: 1μg = 40 IU
*
values for exposure levels estimated from standard normal distribution using the provided mean and standard deviation of daily vitamin D intake among the controls.
**
OR estimates of the association between vitamin D intake and NHL risk were estimated within genotype of the TaqI Vitamin D Receptor single nucleotide polymorphism.
HCV = Hepatitis C virus