. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Jun 29.

Published in final edited form as: Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2009;(192):145–171. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-69248-5_6

Table 2.

Functional brain imaging studies of nicotine or cigarette administration during cognitive tasks/stimulation

Authors	Subjects	Method/task	Intervention	Effect of nicotine during task
Ghatan et al. (1998)	12 Smokers; 6 nonsmokers	¹⁵O-butanol PET/computerized maze	IV nic infusion versus abstinence	↓ ACC and cerebellum; ↑ occ ctx
Ernst et al. (2001b)	11 Smokers; 11 former smokers	¹⁵O-PET/2-back	Two pieces of 2-mg nic gum vs. placebo gum	↓ ACC and PFC activation in smokers
Jacobsen et al. (2002)	9 Smokers	fMRI/photic stimulation	IV nic 10 mcg kg⁻¹ vs. saline	No effect on visual cortex
Lawrence et al. (2002)	15 Smokers	fMRI/rapid visual information-processing	21-mg nic vs. placebo patch	↑ Parietal and occipital ctx,, thal, caudate
Kumari et al. (2003)	11 Nonsmoking men	fMRI/n-back	SC nic (1 mg) vs. saline	↑ ACC, superior frontal ctx, superior parietal ctx
Jacobsen et al. (2004)	13 Schizophrenic smokers; 13 smokers	fMRI/n-back	28- or 35-mg nic vs. placebo patch	↑ ACC and bilateral thal activation (schizophrenic, nonschizophrenic)

PET positron emission tomography, IV intravenous, nic nicotine, ACC anterior cingulate cortex, occ ctx occipital cortex, PFC prefrontal cortex, thal thalamus, fMRI functional magnetic resonance imaging