Table I.
Baseline characteristics of cases and controls, stratified by study
| LA study |
Taixing study |
MSKCC study |
||||||||
| Lung | UADT | Controls | Esophagus | Stomach | Liver | Controls | Bladder | Kidney | Controls | |
| Total, N | 611 | 601 | 1040 | 218 | 206 | 204 | 415 | 227 | 30 | 211 |
| Mean age | 52.2 | 50.4 | 49.9 | 60.6 | 61.5 | 53.9 | 57.7 | 64.3 | 59.5 | 41.8 |
| Gender (%) | ||||||||||
| Male | 303 (49.6) | 454 (75.5) | 623 (59.9) | 141 (64.7) | 138 (67.0) | 159 (77.9) | 287 (69.2) | 189 (83.3) | 21 (70.0) | 152 (72.0) |
| Female | 308 (50.4) | 147 (24.5) | 417 (40.1) | 77 (35.3) | 68 (33.0) | 45 (22.1) | 128 (30.8) | 38 (16.7) | 9 (30.0) | 46 (21.8) |
| Missing | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 13 (6.2) |
| Ethnicity (%) | ||||||||||
| White | 359 (58.8) | 341 (56.7) | 634 (61.0) | 206 (90.8) | 24 (80.0) | 191 (90.5) | ||||
| African American | 53 (8.7) | 70 (11.7) | 150 (14.4) | |||||||
| Mexican American | 96 (15.7) | 69 (11.5) | 102 (9.8) | |||||||
| Asian American | 70 (11.5) | 64 (10.7) | 62 (6.0) | |||||||
| Chinese | 218 (100.0) | 206 (100.0) | 204 (100.0) | 415 (100.0) | ||||||
| Other | 32 (5.2) | 55 (9.2) | 91 (8.8) | 16 (7.1) | 6 (20.0) | 6 (2.8) | ||||
| Missing | 1 (0.2) | 2 (0.3) | 1 (0.1) | — | — | — | — | 5 (2.2) | — | 14 (6.6) |
| Education (%) | ||||||||||
| ≤12 years | 265 (43.4) | 273 (45.4) | 300 (28.9) | 215 (98.6) | 203 (98.5) | 204 (100.0) | 405 (97.6) | 87 (38.3) | 12 (40.0) | 34 (16.1) |
| >12 years | 346 (56.6) | 328 (54.6) | 739 (71.1) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | 10 (2.4) | 139 (61.2) | 18 (60.0) | 177 (83.9) |
| Missing | — | — | 1 (0.1) | 3 (1.4) | — | — | — | 1 (0.4) | — | — |
| Smoking (%) | ||||||||||
| Never | 110 (18.0) | 182 (30.3) | 492 (47.3) | 94 (43.1) | 92 (44.7) | 85 (41.7) | 217 (52.3) | 39 (17.2) | 10 (33.3) | 107 (50.7) |
| Ever | 501 (82.0) | 419 (69.7) | 548 (52.7) | 117 (53.7) | 109 (52.9) | 107 (52.5) | 197 (47.5) | 184 (81.1) | 20 (66.7) | 89 (42.2) |
| Missing | — | — | — | 7 (3.2) | 5 (2.4) | 12 (5.9) | 1 (0.2) | 4 (1.8) | — | 15 (7.1) |
| Drinking (%) | ||||||||||
| Never | 170 (27.8) | 117 (19.5) | 264 (25.4) | 116 (53.2) | 111 (53.9) | 87 (42.7) | 207 (49.9) | 31 (13.7) | 9 (30.0) | 36 (17.1) |
| Ever | 440 (72.0) | 482 (80.2) | 772 (74.2) | 95 (43.6) | 90 (43.7) | 105 (51.5) | 205 (49.4) | 187 (82.4) | 21 (70.0) | 161 (76.3) |
| Missing | 1 (0.2) | 2 (0.3) | 4 (0.4) | 7 (3.2) | 5 (2.4) | 12 (5.9) | 3 (0.7) | 9 (4.0) | — | 14 (6.6) |