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. 2010 Jul 1;21(13):2270–2284. doi: 10.1091/mbc.E09-04-0345

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

Analysis of autophagy in arf1tsarf2Δ and ret3ts cells. (A) arf1ts arf2Δ pep4Δ (AVY007) and ret3ts pep4Δ (AVY037) cells were grown in rich medium at 24°C to an early log phase and processed for EM after been transferred at 37°C for 2 h or starved in SD-N medium for 2 h at either 24 or 37°C. (B) Quantification of the accumulated autophagic bodies. The results are expressed as the average number of autophagic bodies per vacuole. Error bars represent the SD in the counting of two different grids. N, nucleus; V, vacuole; *, autophagic body. Bar, 500 nm. (C) Ret3 is not essential for autophagy. The ret3ts pho8Δ60 pho13Δ (AVY042) cells were grown at 24°C in rich medium to an early log phase before transfer into SD-N medium to induce autophagy. Cells were then incubated at either 24 or 37°C and culture aliquots were taken after 0, 2, and 4 h. The Pho8Δ60 assay was performed as described in Materials and Methods. Error bars represent the SD of three experiments.