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Effects of BSA-, FN-, and type I collagen-coating on the nanotopography-induced apoptosis-like abnormality. Cells were seeded on 100-nm nanodot arrays and flat wafers pretreated with BSA-, FN-, and type I collagen. Cells were harvested on day 4. SEM was performed to visualize the morphology of the cells (a). Apoptosis-like events occurred were quantified by the caspase-3 activity assay (b)
