Table 2.

Age-, sex-, and race-adjusted baseline characteristics according to presence of focal narrowing, arteriovenous nicking and retinop signs, ARIC, 1993-95

	Focal narrowing*			Arteriovenous nicking*			Retinopathy signs*
	Absent n=9,671	Present n=731	p†	Absent n=9,828	Present n=609	p‡	Absent n=9,597	Present n=375	p‡
Age (y)‡	59.4	61.8	<0.0001	59.5	60.8	<0.0001	59.4	60.3	0.003
Men (%)‡	44.2	42.9	0.5	44.1	44.1	1.0	43.6	50.1	0.01
Black (%)‡	21.2	15.8	<0.001	20.5	26.4	<0.001	19.6	43.3	<0.0001
More than high school graduate (%)	47.8	45.3	0.2	47.9	42.5	0.010	48.1	37.5	<0.0001
Current smoker (%)	17.4	16.1	0.4	17.1	21.7	0.004	17.3	16.5	0.7
Usual ethanol intake (g/week)	41.5	42.6	0.7	41.2	46.0	0.2	41.7	23.0	<0.0001
Leisure time sports index (>=3) (%)	34.1	30.3	0.04	34.0	31.2	0.2	34.2	26.2	0.001
Antihypertensive medication use (%)	29.1	37.3	<0.0001	29.1	38.1	<0.0001	29.0	46.9	<0.0001
Diabetes mellitus (%)	13.9	13.5	0.8	13.8	14.2	0.8	12.1	56.0	<0.0001
Aspirin use (%)	10.6	8.5	0.08	10.3	13.0	0.03	10.3	14.7	0.005
Waist circumference (cm)	100.3	102.5	<0.0001	100.3	103.2	<0.0001	100.3	105.1	<0.0001
Mean systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	120.8	131.1	<0.0001	121.3	125.7	<0.0001	121.3	126.2	<0.0001
High density lipoprotein cholesterol (IU/L)	1.35	1.36	0.8	1.35	1.32	0.05	1.36	1.24	<0.0001

^*The numbers of subjects missing information were 94 for focal narrowing, 59 for arteriolar nicking, and 524 for retinopathy signs.

^†Age-, sex-, and race-adjusted means and proportions and according to presence of each microvascular abnormality, and p-values were calculated by a general linear model.

^‡Sex- and race-adjusted mean age, Age- and race-adjusted proportion of men, and Age- and sex-adjusted proportion of blacks.