Table 2.
Focal narrowing* |
Arteriovenous nicking* |
Retinopathy signs* |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Absent n=9,671 |
Present n=731 |
p† | Absent n=9,828 |
Present n=609 |
p‡ | Absent n=9,597 |
Present n=375 |
p‡ | |
Age (y)‡ | 59.4 | 61.8 | <0.0001 | 59.5 | 60.8 | <0.0001 | 59.4 | 60.3 | 0.003 |
Men (%)‡ | 44.2 | 42.9 | 0.5 | 44.1 | 44.1 | 1.0 | 43.6 | 50.1 | 0.01 |
Black (%)‡ | 21.2 | 15.8 | <0.001 | 20.5 | 26.4 | <0.001 | 19.6 | 43.3 | <0.0001 |
More than high school graduate (%) | 47.8 | 45.3 | 0.2 | 47.9 | 42.5 | 0.010 | 48.1 | 37.5 | <0.0001 |
Current smoker (%) | 17.4 | 16.1 | 0.4 | 17.1 | 21.7 | 0.004 | 17.3 | 16.5 | 0.7 |
Usual ethanol intake (g/week) | 41.5 | 42.6 | 0.7 | 41.2 | 46.0 | 0.2 | 41.7 | 23.0 | <0.0001 |
Leisure time sports index (>=3) (%) | 34.1 | 30.3 | 0.04 | 34.0 | 31.2 | 0.2 | 34.2 | 26.2 | 0.001 |
Antihypertensive medication use (%) | 29.1 | 37.3 | <0.0001 | 29.1 | 38.1 | <0.0001 | 29.0 | 46.9 | <0.0001 |
Diabetes mellitus (%) | 13.9 | 13.5 | 0.8 | 13.8 | 14.2 | 0.8 | 12.1 | 56.0 | <0.0001 |
Aspirin use (%) | 10.6 | 8.5 | 0.08 | 10.3 | 13.0 | 0.03 | 10.3 | 14.7 | 0.005 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 100.3 | 102.5 | <0.0001 | 100.3 | 103.2 | <0.0001 | 100.3 | 105.1 | <0.0001 |
Mean systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 120.8 | 131.1 | <0.0001 | 121.3 | 125.7 | <0.0001 | 121.3 | 126.2 | <0.0001 |
High density lipoprotein cholesterol (IU/L) | 1.35 | 1.36 | 0.8 | 1.35 | 1.32 | 0.05 | 1.36 | 1.24 | <0.0001 |
The numbers of subjects missing information were 94 for focal narrowing, 59 for arteriolar nicking, and 524 for retinopathy signs.
Age-, sex-, and race-adjusted means and proportions and according to presence of each microvascular abnormality, and p-values were calculated by a general linear model.
Sex- and race-adjusted mean age, Age- and race-adjusted proportion of men, and Age- and sex-adjusted proportion of blacks.