TABLE 2.

SYMPTOM, OXYGEN SUPPLEMENT, EXERCISE TOLERANCE, PULMONARY FUNCTION, SERUM BIOMARKERS, AND HEMATOLOGIC INDICES IN PATIENTS WITH PULMONARY ALVEOLAR PROTEINOSIS BEFORE AND AFTER INHALED GRANULOCYTE/MACROPHAGE–COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR THERAPY

	Before Therapy			After Therapy
Characteristic	n	%	Mean ± SE	n	%	Mean ± SE	P Value
Dyspnea							<0.0001*
Yes	34	97		15	43
No	1	3		20	57
Oxygen supplement							0.034*
Yes	14	40		6	17
No	21	60		29	83
6-min walking test†
Walking distance, m	22		393 ± 27	22		444 ± 24	0.0046‡
Minimal SpO2 (%)	22		84.6 ± 1.2	22		89.0 ± 1.2	0.0017‡
Pulmonary function
FVC, % predicted	35		80.5 ± 2.5	35		84.2 ± 3.0	0.29‡
VC, % predicted	35		81.0 ± 2.5	35		86.8 ± 2.9	0.0007‡
FEV1/FVC	35		86.4 ± 1.6	35		85.3 ± 1.3	0.54‡
DlCO,% predicted	33		53.7 ± 2.9	34		61.4 ± 3.1	0.0008‡
Serum biomarkers of PAP
LDH, IU/L	35		300 ± 15.4	35		265 ± 11.9	0.009‡
CEA, ng/ml	35		6.8 ± 0.8	35		3.7 ± 0.5	0.0001‡
KL-6, U/L	35		9,831 ± 1224	35		4,663 ± 632	0.0001‡
SP-A, ng/ml	35		136 ± 12	35		97 ± 10	0.0003‡
SP-D, ng/ml	35		249 ± 21	35		216 ± 29	0.094‡
Hematologic indices
White blood count, cells/μl	35		5,865 ± 222	35		5,414 ± 249	0.023‡
Neutrophils, cells/μl	34		3,487 ± 160	34		2,984 ± 162	0.0007‡
Monocytes, cells/μl	34		362 ± 17	34		327 ± 24	0.088‡
Lymphocytes, cells/μl	34		1,869 ± 121	34		1,896 ± 109	0.76‡
Eosinophils, cells/μl	34		139 ± 23	34		176 ± 33	0.029‡
Hemoglobin, g/dl	35		15.1 ± 0.3	35		14.6 ± 0.2	0.0047‡
Platelets, ×103 cells/μl	35		240 ± 8.2	35		222 ± 7.4	0.0032‡

Definition of abbreviations: CEA = carcinoembryonic antigen; Dl_CO = diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide; KL-6 = a mucin-like glycoprotein; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; PAP = pulmonary alveolar proteinosis; SP = surfactant protein; Sp_O2 = oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry.

^*Calculated using the χ² test.

^†Optional evaluation including 17 responders and 5 nonresponders, in whom change in A–aDO2 was −14.5 ± 2.8 and did not significantly differ from that of the total 35 patients.

^‡Calculated using Student t test.