TABLE 4.

CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDERS AND NONRESPONDERS TO GRANULOCYTE/MACROPHAGE–COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR INHALATION

	Responders (n = 24)			Nonresponders (n = 11)
Characteristic	n	%	Median (I.Q. range)* or Mean (SD)	n	%	Median (I.Q. range) or Mean (SD)	P Value
Age, y	24		56 (45–67.5)	11		53 (51–55.5)	0.35†
Sex							0.21‡
Female	12	50		3	36
Male	12	50		8	64
Duration of symptoms, mo	24		22 (15.5–64.5)	11		15 (7.5–59.5)	0.36†
Symptoms
Dyspnea	23	96		11	100		0.38‡
Cough	10	42		7	64		0.19‡
Sputum	5	21		7	64		0.011‡
Smoking status							0.79‡
Current smoker	6	25		4	27
Ex-smoker	5	25		2	9
Never smoker	13	50		5	55
Dust exposure	22			11			0.79‡
Yes	7	32		3	27
No	15	68		8	73
Arterial blood gas analysis
PaCO2, mm Hg§	24		37.5 ± 0.6	11		41.0 ± 1.4	0.010‖
PaO2, mm Hg§	24		61.5 ± 1.9	11		60.4 ± 2.7	0.75‖
A–aDO2, mm Hg¶	24		43.2 ± 2.2	11		40.2 ± 2.2	0.40‖
GM-CSF autoantibody, μg/ml	24		20.0 (8.2–32.2)	11		23.7 (21.2–32.0)	0.29†
Previous lung lavage (>6 mo before study)							0.34‡
Yes	9	38		2	18
No	15	63		9	82

Definition of abbreviations: A–aDO₂ = alveolar-arterial oxygen difference; GM-CSF = granulocyte/macrophage–colony stimulating factor; PB = barometric pressure measured by local observatories; PH₂O = partial pressure of water vapor in inspired air (assumed to be 47 mm Hg); R = respiratory quotient (assumed to be 0.8).

Thirty-five patients completed both the high-dose period and low-dose period of GM-CSF inhalation therapy.

^*Interquartile (I.Q.) range is the range from the 25th to the 75th percentiles of the distribution.

^†Calculated using the Wilcoxon rank sum test.

^‡Calculated using the χ² test.

^§Measured with patient in a supine position and breathing room air.

^‖Calculated using Student t test.

^¶Calculated using the following equation: A–aDO2 = (PB − PH₂O) × Fi_O2 − Pa_CO2/R + {Pa_CO2 × Fi_O2 × (1 − R)/R} − Pa_O2.