Table 1.
Characteristics of patients with and without left atrial/left atrial appendage (LA/LAA) thrombus
| All (n = 433) |
No Thrombus (n = 407) |
Thrombus (n = 26) |
p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 57 ± 11 | 57 ± 11 | 57 ± 10 | 0.924 |
| Men | 318 (73.4%) | 300 (73.7%) | 18 (69.2%) | 0.616 |
| Atrial duration (years) | 6.4 ± 6.1 | 6.4 ± 6.1 | 5.6 ± 6.1 | 0.481 |
| Nonparoxysmal AF | 118 (27.3%) | 102 (25.1%) | 16 (61.5%) | <0.001 |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 46 (10.6%) | 43 (10.6%) | 3 (11.5%) | 0.876 |
| Hypertension | 204 (47.1%) | 187 (45.9%) | 17 (65.4%) | 0.054 |
| Heart failure | 23 (5.3%) | 19 (4.7%) | 4 (15.4%) | 0.018 |
| Previous embolic events | 27 (6.2%) | 22 (5.4%) | 5 (19.2%) | 0.005 |
| Cardiac failure, hypertension, age, diabetes, stroke doubled | 0.003 | |||
| 0 | 189 (43.6%) | 186 (45.7%) | 3 (11.5%) | |
| 1 | 168 (38.8%) | 153 (37.6%) | 15 (57.7%) | |
| ≥2 | 76 (17.6%) | 68 (16.7%) | 8 (30.8%) | |
| Coronary artery disease | 35 (8.1%) | 33 (8.1%) | 2 (7.7%) | 0.940 |
| Metabolic syndrome | 220 (50.8%) | 202 (49.6%) | 18 (69.2%) | 0.053 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.1 ± 3.3 | 26.0 ± 3.3 | 27.9 ± 3.1 | 0.005 |
| Body mass index | 0.074 | |||
| <25 kg/m2 | 163 (37.6) | 158 (38.8%) | 5 (19.2%) | |
| 25–30 kg/m2 | 215 (49.7%) | 200 (49.1%) | 15 (57.7%) | |
| >30 kg/m2 | 55 (12.7%) | 49 (12.0%) | 6 (23.1%) | |
| Left atrial size (mm) | 38.4 ± 6.3 | 38.0 ± 6.0 | 44.1 ± 7.7 | <0.001 |
| Left atrial size/body surface area (mm/m2) | 21.5 ± 3.5 | 21.3 ± 3.3 | 23.8 ± 5.4 | <0.001 |
| Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (mm) | 48.5 ± 5.7 | 48.3 ± 5.6 | 51.3 ± 5.9 | 0.010 |
| Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter/body surface area (mm/m2) | 27.2 ± 3.4 | 27.2 ± 3.4 | 27.6 ± 3.6 | 0.562 |
| Left ventricular end-systolic diameter (mm) | 31.6 ± 5.7 | 31.3 ± 5.5 | 35.9 ± 7.0 | <0.001 |
| Left ventricular end-systolic diameter/body surface area (mm/m2) | 17.7 ± 3.1 | 17.6 ± 3.0 | 19.3 ± 4.0 | 0.005 |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 63.5 ± 8.5 | 63.9 ± 8.1 | 56.9 ±11.5 | <0.001 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 76.5 ± 19.2 | 76.4 ± 19.4 | 78.0 ± 15.1 | 0.498 |
| Fibrinogen (g/L) | 2.64 ± 0.58 | 2.63 ± 0.58 | 2.93 ± 0.68 | 0.026 |
| Warfarin | 12 (2.8%) | 12 (2.9%) | 0 | 1.000 |
| Aspirin | 65 (15.0%) | 60 (14.7%) | 5 (19.2%) | 0.534 |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers | 123 (28.4%) | 109 (26.8%) | 14 (53.8%) | 0.003 |
| Statins | 28 (6.5%) | 28 (6.9%) | 0 | 0.398 |