Figure 3.

Example muscle model outputs for a single muscle (medial hamstrings). Variables shown are (a) contractile element force, (b) contractile element length, (c) contractile element (CE) and musculotendon (MT) mechanical powers, (d) thermal power (i.e. rate of heat production) and (e) muscle metabolic power. CE mechanical and thermal powers were combined to determine metabolic power. Metabolic power was integrated with respect to time over various intervals of the gait cycle to compute muscle energy consumption. (c) Solid line, CE; dashed line, MT.