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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Jun 30.
Published in final edited form as: Neurotox Res. 2009 Jun 26;17(1):28–38. doi: 10.1007/s12640-009-9074-5

FIGURE 5.

FIGURE 5

4-HNE induces the accumulation of active mitochondria in swellings along the axons of adult rat DRG neurons. (A) and (B) are stained for active mitochondria (red) using chloromethyl-x- rosamine (CMXRos). (C) and (D) show the presence of adducts of 4-HNE using anti-HNE PAb. (E) and (F) represent merged images of adducts of 4-HNE and active mitochondria (blue nuclei stained with DAPI). Neurons were grown in defined F12 media supplemented with N2 additives and neurotrophic factors and treated with 3.0 μM 4-HNE. Note: neurons were treated with 4-HNE at 24 hr of neuronal culture and immunofluoresence images taken at 24 hr of treatment. White arrows indicate the presence of axonal swellings. (G) and (H) are the quantification of active mitochondria and adducts of 4-HNE levels in the axons, respectively. Values are means ±SEM, n=48 axons. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01.