| HIV Prevention |
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| Magura, Kang, Shapiro, & O'Day (1995)
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4 sessions addressed special vulnerabilities of drug-using women. |
None stated |
Educational |
No stated effect; Unsuccessful |
| El-Bassel, Ivanoff, Schilling, Borne, & Gilbert (1997) El-Bassel et al. (1995)
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22 sessions on avoiding abusive relationships, assertiveness training, and negotiating safer sex. Broad-spectrum curriculum (e.g., workbooks, group sessions, and resource manual). |
Social-Cognitive, Health Beliefs, Problem Solving, Social Support & Network Enhancement |
Skills building, Educational, Attitudinal, Empowerment |
Improved relational skills (e.g., coping, emotional support, and negotiating safer sex) through woman-centered program. |
| St. Lawrence et al. (1997)
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6 sessions involving dyads, modeling, and skills building in sex and drug refusal, partner negotiation, and sexual negotiation for Group 1; 6 open-ended discussions on self-empowerment in high risk contexts for Group 2. |
Gender Power, Social-Cognitive |
Empowerment, Reframing, Skills building |
Improved relational skills for both groups through shared learning and women-centered skills building (Group 1) and through self-empowerment techniques (Group 2). |
| Pomeroy, Kiam, & Abel (1999). |
10 sessions consisting of didactic and supportive components for coping, confidence- and trust-building, decision-making, communication skills, planning, parenting, relationship building, and HIV-related information. |
Cognitive-Behavioral, Task-Centered |
Educational, Skills building, Planning |
Significant improvements in relational skills, coping, and perceptions of self-empowerment, but effectiveness in the natural world was not measured. |
| Havens et al. (2009)
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6 sessions for relational intervention involving “myth-busting” in personal relationships. The myths included having sex without protection will strengthen my relationship, and; I only feel worthwhile if I am in a relationship.” |
Miller's Relational Model |
Skills building, Empowerment, Relational myth-busting |
Effects were not reported from this preliminary study |
| Prison Release |
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| Kim et al. (1997)
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Standardized intervention for men and women in the Rhode Island state prison, with no gender-specific protocols for either male or female releasees. |
N/A |
Continuity of care and social services |
The purpose and outcomes of the intervention were neither gendered nor relational. The social support component might have been beneficial for HIV-infected women. |
| Freudenberg, Wilets, Greene, & Richie (1998)
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No gender-based components other than an exclusive focus on high-risk women releasees. |
N/A |
Continuity of care and social services |
Reduced recidivism and risky sex for target group was due to living in a highly-structured setting that fit the needs of high-risk women releasees. |
| Vigilante et al. (1999)
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Tailored to high-risk women with history of prostitution and commercial sex work. Relationship-building with physician and social worker, and with peer counselor who accompanied releasees to appointments. |
N/A |
Case management and social services |
Despite goals for relationship-building, 1-year gains were modest (12% less recidivism than comparison group). Follow-up was sporadic; high turnover rate among peer educators; lack of theoretical model might be a factor. |
| Needels, James-Burdumy, & Burghardt (2005)
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Specifically designed for self-empowerment through group meetings and case management. However, the target population included both men and women, and the intervention did not use gender-specific protocols or leaders. |
N/A |
Continuity of care and social services |
Lack of overall success might be related to lack of gender-specific protocols as well as to large N, broad goals, and limited post-release contact. |
