VPA treatment results in increased numbers of CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors. CD34+ cells were cultured in the presence of G-CSF to induce neutrophil differentiation. Cells were cultured in either the absence or presence of TSA (5–25 nM), SB (100–500 μM) or VPA (100–500 μM). At days 3, 7 and 10, FACS using a PE-labeled human-CD34 antibody measured CD34+ expression. Proliferation was determined by counting the tryphan blue-negative cell population. Data are expressed as percentage (A) and absolute numbers (×103) (B) of CD34+ cells. Error bars represent SEM (between experiments, n=3) *P<0.05, **P<0.01.