TABLE 1.
Summary of the Dependent Variables
| Young (18–29 years) | Middle (35–59 years) | Old (>65 years) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) |
| Maximal Isometric Strength | |||
| Arms (N) | 327.93 (116) | 324.85 (114) | 278.28 (85) |
| Torso (N) | 730.46 (294) | 699.71 (287) | 530.35 (139) |
| Leg (N)* | 923.00 (333) | 800.78 (321) | 577.92 (164) |
| Maximal Isokinetic Knee Flexion Strength | |||
| 30°/s (Nm)* | 58.14 (17.5) | 55.28 (18.7) | 41.92 (12.5) |
| 60°/s (Nm)* | 52.85 (16.3) | 48.64 (16.8) | 34.64 (11.3) |
| 90°/s (Nm)* | 45.71 (15.0) | 40.21 (14.5) | 25.57 (8.94) |
| Sensory Organization | |||
| MCT (ms)* | 123.78 (10.8) | 131.40 (7.50) | 139.70 (5.20) |
| SOT (%)* | 83.85 (3.75) | 77.60 (3.65) | 67.13 (7.20) |
| Somatosensory* | 94.50 (1.95) | 92.64 (1.96) | 90.35 (5.65) |
| Vision* | 91.92 (3.17) | 87.92 (3.75) | 82.21 (6.38) |
| Vestibular* | 73.07 (5.37) | 64.71 (7.47) | 50.00 (11.1) |
| Gait Parameters | |||
| Step length (cm)* | 65.35 (7.34) | 67.63 (9.05) | 59.12 (7.67) |
| SL index (SLI)* | 0.38 (0.04) | 0.39 (0.04) | 0.34 (0.03) |
| Heel contact velocity (cm/s) | 31.03 (14.5) | 32.11 (13.5) | 42.31 (17.9) |
| COM velocity (cm/s)* | 109.99 (14.4) | 115.53 (18.2) | 99.87 (16.5) |
| RCOFa | 0.176 (0.01) | 0.188 (0.02) | 0.192 (0.02) |
| AFUb* | 0.074 (0.01) | 0.010 (0.01) | 0.120 (0.01) |
| Sliding heel velocity (cm/s)b* | 44.05 (35.1) | 63.95 (31.7) | 75.84 (39.7) |
| Sliding heel acceleration (cm/s2)b* | 609.50 (79.2) | 907.86 (73.5) | 912.11 (66.5) |
| Initial slip distance (SDI; cm)b | 1.09 (0.39) | 2.30 (0.39) | 2.17 (0.36) |
| Total slip distance (SDII; cm)b* | 4.98 (4.81) | 7.65 (4.92) | 11.80 (9.43) |
a
Measured on carpeted floor surface only.
b
Measured on oily vinyl floor surface only.
*
Significant (p > .05) across age groups.