Pinch and grip strength, and perceived pain at maximal loading

	CMC spacer		Tendon arthroplasty		Difference between groups
	Pre-treatment	12 months	Pre-treatment	12 months	Change 0–12 months
	mean (SD)	mean (SD)	mean (SD)	mean (SD)	Adjusted for baseline
	median (range)	median (range)	median (range)	median (range)	mean	95% CI	p-value
Intention-to-treat	n = 73	n = 63	n = 37	n = 35
Strength
Tripod pinch (kg)	5.1 (2.4)	5.7 (3.5)	4.5 (2.5)	5.0 (2.1)	0.3	-0.8–1.4	0.6
	5.0 (1.2–15)	5.3 (1–19)	4.0 (1–12)	5.0 (1–9.5)
Key pinch (kg)	5.7 (2.6)	5.8 (3.0)	5.3 (3.3)	5.2 (2.0)	0.5	-0.6–1.5	0.4
	5.2 (2–14)	5.5 (1.5–19)	4.7 (1–20)	5.0 (2–10)
Volar grip (kg)	22 (10)	24 (10)	18 (9)	22 (11)	-0.3	-4.1–3.4	0.9
	20 (5–75)	24 (2–57)	17 (1–40)	22 (2–40)
Pain
Tripod pinch (VAS)	4.4 (2.7)	2.6 (2.7)	5.3 (2.9)	1.3 (2.4)	1.5	0.4–2.5	0.007
		4.3 (0–10)	2.0 (0–10)	5.0 (0–10)	0 (0–9)
Key pinch (VAS)	4.5 (2.6)	2.6 (2.5)	4.9 (2.6)	1.2 (2.0)	1.4	0.4–2.4	0.005
		4.9 (0–9)	2.0 (0–9)	5.0 (0–10)	0 (0–8)
Per-protocol	n = 39	n = 36	n = 28	n = 26
Strength
Tripod pinch (kg)	5.9 (2.7)	7.0 (3.8)	4.9 (2.8)	5.0 (2.2)	1.4	-0.1–3.0	0.06
6.0 (1.2–15)	6.5 (2–19)	4.4 (1–12)	5.0 (1–9.5)
Key pinch (kg)	6.5 (2.9)	6.9 (3.4)	5.4 (3.6)	5.3 (2.1)	1.4	-0.1–2.8	0.07
		6.0 (2–14)	6.3 (3–19)	4.6 (1–20)	5.0 (2–10)
Volar grip (kg)	24 (11)	27 (11)	20 (9)	23 (10)	0.6	-4.1–5.4	0.8
		22 (5–75)	27 (2–57)	20 (8–40)	24 (6–40)
Pain
Tripod pinch (VAS)	3.9 (2.8)	2.2 (2.7)	5.4 (3.1)	1.4 (2.2)	1.0	-0.3–2.4	0.1
		3.3 (0–9)	1.0 (0–10)	5.0 (0–10)	0 (0–7)
Key pinch (VAS)	3.7 (2.7)	2.2 (2.5)	4.9 (2.8)	1.2 (1.8)	1.1	0–2.3	0.06
		3.9 (0–9)	1.5 (0–9)	5.0 (0–10)	0 (0–5)