TABLE 3.

Interventions for Youths 10 to 15 Years of Age With Most Promising Evidence on Alcohol Outcomes

Intervention	Type	Domain/Level	Sample (at Pretest), Ethnicity, Setting, and Data Collection Dates	Summary Results	Key Outcome Research/Program Information Sources
Keepin’ It REAL	Universal	School	35 public schools; 4235 students, multiple ethnicities, urban (Phoenix, AZ), 1998–2000	Significantly lower increases in past-month alcohol use at wave 4 (19 mo after curriculum completion) for all 3 conditions, each of which represented a different version of the program (Mexican American, black/white, or multicultural)	Hecht et al,159 2003; www.dsgonline.com/mpg2.5//TitleV_MPG_Table_Ind_Rec.asp?id=634
Midwestern Prevention Project/Project STAR	Universal	Multicomponent	42 public middle and junior high schools; 3412 students, white and black, urban (Kansas City, MO, and Indianapolis, IN), 1987–2001	Significant effects on proportion of students reporting past-week and past-month use of alcohol at 1-y follow-up evaluation; secondary prevention effects on baseline users were observed up to 1.5 y after baseline but not 2.5 and 3.5 y after baseline	Report 1: Pentz et al,73 1989; report 2: Pentz and Valente,160 1995; report 3: Pentz et al,95 1990; report 4: Chou et al,161 1998
Project Northland	Universal	Multicomponent	24 school districts; most ethnicities, tribal, urban and rural (northeastern Minnesota), 1991–2004	Phase 1 intervention: conducted when targeted cohort was in grades 6–8; students in intervention group showed significantly less past-month and past-week use than did students in control group at 2.5 y after baseline; phase 2 intervention: conducted when cohort was in grades 11–12; students in intervention group showed significantly less binge drinking (≥5 in a row in past week) than did students in control group at 6.5 y after baseline	Report 1 (phase 1): Perry et al,162 1996; report 2 (phase 1): Klepp et al,163 1995; report 3 (phase 2): Perry et al,164 2002; http://ibs.colorado.edu/cspv/wwa/cgi-bin/progdetails.pl?progid=65
Strengthening Families Program: For Parents and Youth 10–14	Universal	Family	Study 1: 33 public schools; 667 students, primarily white, rural; study 2: 36 public schools; 1650 students, primarily white, rural (rural Iowa) 1998–2004	Study 1: significantly lower rates of initiation in each of 3 alcohol lifetime or new-user measures (with parental permission, without permission, and drunkenness) at 4-y postbaseline follow-up evaluation, relative to control group; lifetime use and drunkenness and time to initiation were significant at 6 y after baseline; study 2: when combined with Life Skills Training Program, showed significantly less alcohol initiation at 1.5 y after baseline and slower growth in weekly drunkenness but not regular alcohol use across data collection points through 2.5 y after baseline	Study 1A: Spoth et al,165 2001; study 1B: Spoth et al,166 2004; study 2A: Spoth et al,68 2002; study 2B: Spoth et al,167 2005; www.strengtheningfamiliesprogram.org; http://ibs.colorado.edu/cspv/wwa/cgi-bin/progdetails.pl?progid=235