Table 3.

Main upregulated genes related to bone formation

Gene	Function	Effect	Reference
STAT 3	Transcriptional factor, activation of the MAP kinase	Bone turnover	Itoh et al. [27]
HOXA 10	Activation of Runx2, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and bone sialoprotein	Osteogenic response	Hassan et al. [25]
AKT1	Suppression of osteoblasts apoptosis through inhibition of Fox03a and Bim; Mediation of the osteoblastic bone formation by IGF-1 and insulin.	Bone formation	Kawamura et al. [29]
CALM1	Signal transduction, stimuli to proliferation	Bone formation	Rhymer et al. [40]
P2RX7	Activation of P2RX7 receptors stimulates expression of osteoblast markers and enhances mineralization in cultures cells	Promote osteogenesis	Ohlendorff et al. [37]
FN1	Adhesion and migration cellular process	Extracellular matrix stability; tissue healing	Potts and Campbell [39]
COL1A2	Collagen 1α2, chain of the most abundant collagen in the human organism	Extracellular matrix stability	Antoniv et al. [6]
SPARC	The most abundant noncollagenous protein in the bone tissue.	Modulation of the cell-matrix interaction and production of the matrix	Yan and Sage [47]
VCL	Associated with the intercellular junctions between the cells and the matrix	Anchorages the actin to the cellular membrane	Ziegler et al. [49]
TIMP1	Inhibits collagen and other components of extracellular matrix degradation operated by the metalloproteinase	Decrease matrix degradation	Hatori et al. [26]