Table 2.
Baseline characteristics
| Fracture (n = 2003) | Low BMD or ICD-9 (n = 12,976) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n/mean | % or SD | n/mean | % or SD | |
| Mean age (SD) | 69.0 | 11.3 | 66.9 | 10.0 |
| 50–64 | 774 | 38.6 | 5,582 | 43.0 |
| 65–74 | 519 | 25.9 | 4,156 | 32.0 |
| 75+ | 710 | 35.4 | 3,238 | 25.0 |
| Race (n, %) | ||||
| White | 1,980 | 98.9 | 12,819 | 98.8 |
| Black | 6 | 0.3 | 38 | 0.3 |
| Hispanic | 5 | 0.2 | 32 | 0.2 |
| Other | 9 | 0.4 | 75 | 0.6 |
| Unknown | 3 | 0.1 | 12 | 0.1 |
| Mean baseline BMD T-score (SD) | ||||
| Forearm | −1.2 | 1.1 | −1.5 | 1.0 |
| Hip | −0.7 | 1.2 | −1 | 1.1 |
| Spine | −0.8 | 1.5 | −1.3 | 1.4 |
| BMD T-score orders (n, %) | 339 | 16.9 | 8,114 | 62.5 |
| BMD T-score (n, %) | ||||
| ≤−2.5 | 26 | 1.3 | 560 | 4.3 |
| >−2.5 to ≤−1.0 | 115 | 5.7 | 3,581 | 27.6 |
| ≥−1.0 to ≤1.0 | 156 | 7.8 | 3,283 | 25.3 |
| ≥1.0 | 25 | 1.2 | 310 | 2.4 |
| Missing | 17 | 0.8 | 380 | 2.9 |
| Unknown | 1,664 | 83.1 | 4,862 | 37.5 |
| Smoking | ||||
| Current smoker | 185 | 9.2 | 1,285 | 9.9 |
| Former smoker | 486 | 24.3 | 3,262 | 25.1 |
| Never smoker | 1,179 | 58.9 | 7,828 | 60.3 |
| Missing | 153 | 7.6 | 601 | 4.6 |
| Baseline BMI | ||||
| Under/normal weight | 232 | 11.6 | 3,051 | 23.5 |
| Over weight | 363 | 18.1 | 3,312 | 25.5 |
| Obese | 402 | 20.1 | 2,790 | 21.5 |
| Very obese | 134 | 6.7 | 500 | 3.9 |
| Missing | 872 | 43.5 | 3,323 | 25.6 |
| Insurance status (n, %) | ||||
| Medicaid | 835 | 41.7 | 4,931 | 38.0 |
| Medicare | 709 | 35.4 | 4,710 | 36.3 |
| Commercial | 419 | 20.9 | 3,190 | 24.6 |
| Self-pay | 40 | 2.0 | 145 | 1.1 |
| Excessive alcohol consumption (n, %) | 8 | 0.4 | 32 | 0.2 |
| Mean Charlson Comorbidity Index (SD) | 2.3 | 1.1 | 2.0 | 1.1 |
| 0 | 217 | 10.8 | 2,015 | 15.5 |
| 1 | 263 | 13.1 | 2,545 | 19.6 |
| 2 | 254 | 12.7 | 2,356 | 18.2 |
| 3+ | 1,269 | 63.4 | 6,060 | 46.7 |
| Oral corticosteroid (n, %) | 327 | 16.3 | 1,870 | 14.4 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis (n, %) | 50 | 2.5 | 575 | 4.4 |
| Fall history (n, %) | 812 | 40.5 | 1,445 | 11.1 |
| Aortic atherosclerosis (n, %) | 41 | 2.0 | 151 | 1.2 |
| Chemotherapy (n, %) | 669 | 33.4 | 4,400 | 33.9 |
| Diabetes (n, %) | 657 | 32.8 | 2,844 | 21.9 |
| Thyroid replacement therapy (n, %) | 524 | 26.2 | 3,329 | 25.7 |
| Thyroid disease (n, %) | 842 | 42.0 | 5,201 | 40.1 |
| Furosemide therapy (n, %) | 695 | 34.7 | 2,693 | 20.8 |
| Malnutrition (n, %) | 291 | 14.5 | 1,393 | 10.7 |
SD standard deviation, BMD bone mineral density, ICD-9 International Classification of Diseases 9, BMI body mass index