Two weeks after the last injection of the initial series (15 mg/kg cocaine vs. saline × 5 days), sham-operated saline-assigned control (SHAM-SAL, N = 11), neonatal-amygdala-lesioned saline-assigned (NAML-SAL; N = 15), SHAM cocaine-assigned (SHAM-COC, N = 13), and NAML cocaine-assigned (NAML-COC, N = 10) groups of rats received a single cocaine injection (15 mg/kg). Change in activity due to cocaine injection was increased in NAML rats (analysis of variance for main effect of lesion, p < .05, with a marginal effect of drug history, p = .06), and NAML rats with cocaine history activated more than all other rat groups (**p < .01, least significant difference post hoc testing). Error bars indicate ±1 SEM.