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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jun 4.
Published in final edited form as: DNA Repair (Amst). 2010 Apr 21;9(6):678–689. doi: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2010.03.005

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Low doses of betulinic acid reduce the frequency of APH-induced common fragile site breaks. (A) Average total chromosomal gaps and breaks per cell in UML-49 cells after 18 h in the presence (gray) or absence (white) of 0.4 μM APH and 0 to 3 μM betulinic acid (BA); n= 50 metaphases for each data set. Error bars indicate the 95% confidence interval. (B) Frequency (%) of gaps and breaks at specific fragile sites FRA3B and FRA16D in UML-49 cells after 18 h in the presence or absence of 0.4 μM APH and 0 to 3 μM betulinic acid (BA); n= 92–105 sites examined. Fragile sites were identified by FISH. Frequency of fragile-site induction is presented as the percentage of chromosome 3 or 16 homologs with breaks at FRA3B (white) or FRA16D (gray), respectively. Error bars indicate the 95% confidence interval.