(a) Six standard backbone torsion angles of α, β, γ, δ, ε and ζ and (b) two backbone pseudo-torsion angles of η and θ for a nucleotide (denoted by n), where η is defined by the atoms C4′n−1, Pn, C4′n and Pn+1, while θ is defined by Pn, C4′n, Pn+1 and C4′n+1.