Figure 2.
Plumbagin adducts to cysteine residues in human topoisomerase IIα. Residues adducted by quinones were identified by mass spectrometry. A composite of the crystal structures of the yeast catalytic core and N-terminal domain is shown and the locations of the homologous cysteine residues adducted in human topoisomerase IIα are indicated by shaded circles. These residues were mutated to alanines using mutagenesis PCR to evaluate their role in quinone action. Adapted from Refs. (68, 69).