Figure 4. Fold-change detection may provide signaling advantages in noisy environment.

(A) Fold-change detection ensures that each cell responds reliably to an external signal despite variation in the basal level of X. In fold-change detection, cells sense relative changes from the basal level, and not absolute levels or absolute changes.
(B) Fold-change detection rescales the meaningful change in signal according to the background noise. In fold-change detection, ΔX = 1 when background X = 1 gives the same information as ΔX = 10 when background X = 10.
(C) Fold-change detection in the I1-FFL can provide a transcriptional analog of Weber’s Law in sensory system, which states that the minimal detectable change in signal scales linearly with the background signal.