Table 1.

Select examples of extraction procedures and analytical techniques for quantitative analysis of DXR in plasma or tissue samples

Species/samples	Extraction method	Recovery (%)	Detection	Linear range	LOQ or LOD (nM)	Ref.
Murine plasma and tissues	Homogenized in PBS, liquid/liquid extraction (chloroform/methanol, 4:1 (v/v))	66–98	HPLC–Fluor	367–2200 nM	367	[17,18]
Murine plasma and lung	Homogenized in methanol and Tris buffer (pH 8.5), deproteinized with CAN	60–98	HPLC–Fluor	15–1550 nM	15	[19]
Murine plasma and tissues	Homogenized and extracted in chloroform-1-propanol	64	HPLC–Fluor	2.2–2155 nM	1.8–2.4	[20]
Rat, serum and tissues	Homogenized in phosphate buffer, deproteinized and extracted in methanol and ZnSO4	94–115	HPLC–Fluor	5–5000 ng/mL	9–18	[21]
Plasma and tissues	Homogenized in sodium phosphate dibasic (pH 7.0) and extracted by SPE	80–87	HPLC–Fluor	25–1000 ng/mL	9–18	[22]
Rat serum and bile	Deproteinized and extracted with methanol	>89	HPLC–Fluor	10–2500 ng/mL	18	[23]
Human serum	Solid phase extraction (SPE)	97–105	HPLC–ES/MS	5–4000 nM	4.6	[24]
Dog and rat plasma	Solid phase extraction (SPE)	70–49	LC–APCI MS/MS	0.5–798 ng/mL	0.9–11	[25]

HPLC–Fluor: HPLC with fluorescence detection; HPLC–ES/MS: HPLC with electrospray ionization and single-quadrupole MS analysis; LC–APCI MS/MS: HPLC with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (heated nebulizer) and a tandem triple quadrupole MS analysis; LOQ: limit of quantification; LOD: limit of detection.