Table 1.
Sensitivity, specificity, and reliability for dysphagia screening methods
| "Any two" | BDST | Timed test | 3-oz water swallow test | BSA | SSA | GUSS | ASDS | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of subjects | 59 | 139 | 115 | 44 | 129 | 200 | 50 | 300 |
| Concurrent validity | Yes with VFSS | No | No | Yes with VFSS | Yes with VFSS | No | Yes with FEES | Yes with MASA |
| Sensitivity: dysphagia, % | 92% for at least moderate dysphagia | NR | NR | NR | NR | 97 | NR | 91 |
| Sensitivity: aspiration, % | NR | NR | 100 | 76 | 68 | NR | 100 | 95 |
| Interrater reliability, % | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 88 | 83 | 92 |
| Test-retest reliability, % | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 93 |
| Specificity, % | 67 | NR | 52 | 59 | 67 | 90 | 50 | Aspiration,74 Dysphagia, 68 |
Abbreviations: ASDS, Acute Stroke Dysphagia Screening; BDST, Burke Dysphagia Screening Test; BSA, Bedside Swallowing Assessment; FEES, fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing; GUSS, Gugging Swallowing Screen; MASA, Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability; NR, not reported; SSA, Standardized Swallowing Assessment; VFSS, videofluoroscopic swallowing screening.