. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2010 May 7;30(6):1110–1117. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.191601

Table 1.

Factors Implicated in Murine Endothelial Cell Development

	Soluble factors		Transcription factors
Ihh	- Expressed at E6.5 in visceral endoderm²¹,¹⁰⁹,¹¹⁰ - Required for vasculogenesis	Forkhead Family	- Expressed in the splanchnic mesoderm - Important in the arterial and lymphatic proliferation
BMP4	- Expressed prior to gastrulation - Required for mesoderm formation²⁸,¹¹¹–¹¹³	Klf Family	- Expressed at E7 - Required for vessel stabilization¹¹⁶
bFGF	- FGFR1 expressed on ectodermal cells at the egg cylinder stage and on migrating mesodermal cells¹¹⁴ - Controls mesodermal differentiation.	Ets Family	- ER71 expressed at E7.5 - Required for induction of Flk1 expression³⁷,¹¹⁷
VEGFA/Flk-1	- Expressed at E4 in the primitive endoderm, and by E7 expression is restricted to the extraembryonic endoderm and mesoderm¹¹⁵ - Required for migration and proliferation of endothelial cells	Scl/tal-1	- Expressed at E7.5 in mesodermal progenitors¹¹⁸ - Regulates Flk-1 and VE-cadherin expression
		GATA 1/2	- Signals downstream of BMP4 to induce Scl expression and endothelial differentiation
		Vezf1	- Required for proper endothelial cell-cell junctions formation