A, Severity of joint swelling in B. burgdorferi-infected mice. Groups of mice (5 animals/group) were infected with the wild type (WT), bb0323 mutant (bb0323−) or bb0323-complemented B. burgdorferi (bb0323 Com), and assessed for joint swelling. Bars represent the mean ± SEM from three independent infection experiments. Differences in the joint swelling between groups of mice infected with bb0323 mutant and those with the bb0323-complemented isolates were highly significant (*P < 0.01) at all time points, except for day 7. B, Representative demonstration of joint histology in mice infected with wild type or genetically-manipulated B. burgdorferi isolates. Twenty-one days following spirochete infection, tibiotarsal joints were analyzed for histopathology. The left panel indicates low-resolution (40x, bar = 400 μm) joint images. Higher-resolution (200x, bar = 80 μm) images of selected areas from corresponding sections (marked by box) are shown in the right panels.