Table 4.
Hazard ratiosa of hip fracture by the standardized HSA parametersb and the extracted factors from principal component analysis
| Model Ac | Model Bd | Model Ce | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard ratio (95% CI) | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | Hazards ratio (95% CI) | |
| Narrow neck | |||
| CSA | 0.43 (0.34--0.56) | 0.64 (0.46--0.88) | 1.62 (0.97--2.70) |
| Outer diameter | 1.23 (1.09--1.39) | 1.27 (1.03--1.57) | 1.13 (0.90--1.41) |
| Section modulus | 0.53 (0.41--0.68) | 0.66 (0.48--0.92) | 1.08 (0.74--1.59) |
| Cortical thickness | 0.41 (0.32--0.52) | 0.58 (0.42--0.80) | 1.35 (0.76--2.38) |
| Buckling ratio | 1.72 (1.53--1.94) | 1.50 (1.24--1.81) | 1.11 (0.82--1.52) |
| Intertrochanter | |||
| CSA | 0.41 (0.33--0.51) | 0.59 (0.44--0.79) | 0.92 (0.61--1.40) |
| Outer diameter | 1.60 (1.33--1.92) | 1.75 (1.37--2.24) | 1.61 (1.25--2.08) |
| Section modulus | 0.62 (0.50--0.78) | 0.87 (0.66--1.15) | 1.28 (0.93--1.76) |
| Cortical thickness | 0.37 (0.30--0.47) | 0.51 (0.38--0.69) | 0.74 (0.48--1.16) |
| Buckling ratio | 1.91 (1.69--2.17) | 1.70 (1.41--2.05) | 1.43 (1.10--1.87) |
| Shaft | |||
| CSA | 0.50 (0.40--0.61) | 0.63 (0.47--0.84) | 0.95 (0.66--1.36) |
| Outer diameter | 1.45 (1.21--1.73) | 1.54 (1.21--1.97) | 1.36 (1.06--1.76) |
| Section modulus | 0.70 (0.56--0.87) | 0.86 (0.64--1.15) | 1.14 (0.83--1.56) |
| Cortical thickness | 0.46 (0.37--0.57) | 0.55 (0.41--074) | 0.78 (0.54--1.13) |
| Buckling ratio | 1.67 (1.48--1.89) | 1.50 (1.27--1.78) | 1.24 (1.00--1.55) |
| Conventional femoral neck aBMD | 0.35 (0.28--0.45) | 0.46 (0.32--0.64) | N/A |
| Factor 1 | 0.45 (0.37--0.55) | 0.61 (0.46--0.80) | 0.81 (0.52--1.28) |
| Factor 2 | 1.38 (1.11--1.71) | 1.59 (1.19--2.12) | 1.57 (1.17--2.11) |
HR for hip fracture with one SD difference in the HAS parameter or extracted factor NA not applicable
Hazards ratio for hip facture were estimated in separate models for each standardized HSA measurement and conventional femoral neck aBMD except for factors 1 and 2 which were included in the same models.
The HSA measurements and the conventional femoral neck aBMD were standardized by using the corresponding means and standard deviations.
Model A included age, ethnicity, weight, height, % lean mass and clinical trial.
Model B included age, ethnicity, weight, height, % lean mass, clinical trial, smoking, hormone use, corticosteroid use, general health, physical activity, fracture history, fracture on/after age 55, parent broke hip after 40 and diabetes.
Model C included age, ethnicity, weight, height, % lean mass, clinical trial, smoking, hormone use, corticosteroid use, general health, physical activity, fracture history, fracture on/after age 55, parent broke hip after 40, diabetes and conventional hip femoral neck aBMD.